As the number of batteries increases, the voltage supplied increases because each battery supplies a certain amount of Volts. This can be explained using Ohm’s law, which states Voltage = Current x Resistance. This proves the hypothesis for the experiment, it was stated that as the number of lemon batteries increases, the voltage would increase and the current would remain the same. The data showed that if you increase the number of lemon batteries, the voltage will increase and the current will remain the same. The overall trend in the data was that as the number of lemon batteries increased, the voltage increased and the current remained almost constant.
![electric lemon electric lemon](https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1bzsZvviSBuNkSnhJq6zDcpXaT/Electric-Lemon-Slicer-Vegetable-Fruit-Slicer-Professional-Lemon-Cutting-Machine-Fast-to-Make-Lemon-Slices-GS880.jpg)
If a different ratio was used, one of the metals could have been a limiting reactant and the reactants would not be completely used up. The reason 3 copper pennies and 8 zinc nails were used was that this ratio worked well to produce electricity. In the lemon batteries, the voltage was quite low, this was because citric acid is a weak electrolyte and doesn’t conduct electricity very effectively, and also because the conditions were not ideal to create a high potential difference copper and zinc do create a potential difference, but other combinations of electrodes can have a higher voltage, for example, lithium-ion batteries. The tendency for electrons to transfer from the anode to cathode is known as voltage, and it is the difference in potential energy of the anode and cathode that creates a voltage. If the circuit is closed, this transfer of electrons is electric current and flows from the anode to cathode. The electrons lost from the copper are made up by moving two electrons from the zinc through the external wire. This can be seen by the balanced equation: 2H⁺ + 2e⁻➝ H₂. Then, the ions will gain electrons (reduction) from the copper to form a neutral hydrogen molecule. The electrolyte (citric acid) will form positive hydrogen ions when it dissolves in the water in the lemon juice, as that is the nature of all electrolytes. This can be seen by the balanced equation: Zn➝ Zn⁺² + 2e⁻, where zinc loses two electrons. In this case, the anode (zinc) has a higher oxidational potential and will lose electrons (oxidation) once it is in contact with the liquid electrolyte. During this reaction, two half-reactions take place, one of the reactants is oxidized and the other is reduced. During the electrochemical reaction, the electrolyte (citric acid) caused an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction.
![electric lemon electric lemon](https://uploads.iheartjane.com/uploads/de64a904-ba5c-4a03-af43-0152cb69e5d9.jpeg)
This was due to the electrochemical reaction that took place. (Optional) Rather than connecting the circuit to a multimeter, connect it to a low-voltage lightbulb to see the flow of electricity.Īll of the lemon batteries produced electricity.Repeat the experiment two more times using different lemons, zinc nails and copper pennies, and the same alligator clips.Repeat step 9 and connect the 5 lemons and multimeter using 8 alligator clips.Repeat step 9 and connect the 4 lemons and multimeter using 6 alligator clips.Repeat step 9 and connect the 3 lemons and multimeter using 4 alligator clips.Connect the remaining zinc nails with the black wire of the multimeter.Connect the remaining copper coins with the red wire of the multimeter.Using a pair of alligator clips, connect the copper coin in the first lemon with the zinc nail in the second lemon.Turn the multimeter on and record the voltage and then the current of the circuit.Connect the black wire with the zinc nails.Connect the red wire of the multimeter with the copper pennies.Insert 3 copper pennies in one of the slots.
![electric lemon electric lemon](https://www.maggiesfarmmarijuana.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/electric_lemon.jpg)
![electric lemon electric lemon](https://electriclemonnyc.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2019/11/S11_Bar_Night_W1_0244-2.jpg)
Make two incisions two inches apart on the lemons.Gently roll one of the lemons so that the juices start flowing.Therefore as the number of lemons is increased the voltage will increase proportionally while the current will remain the same.
#ELECTRIC LEMON SERIES#
Since the lemon will act as a battery, the behaviour of the circuit will be similar to that of a simple series circuit with multiple batteries. The lemon, copper coin and zinc nail will act as a battery and will cause an electrochemical reaction to produce electricity.